Backbone Expansion project The planned GCCIA Middle Backbone Expansion Project is one of GCCIA’s most strategic transmission expansion initiatives, designed to strengthen the reliability, security, and transfer capability of the regional interconnection network. The project includes the construction of approximately 350 km of new 400 kV double-circuit overhead transmission lines interconnecting Al-Fadhili, Ghunan, and Salwa substations, together with enhancement works at these substations, including transmission line interfaces, protection and control systems, telecommunications, and associated civil works. Once completed, the project will improve network resilience, increase operational flexibility, enhance power transfer capability between GCC member states, and provide the backbone infrastructure required to support future regional load growth and electricity market integration.